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<article xmlns="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="eps-0.1"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">SciNotesIBI</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">SciNotesIBI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ученые записки Международного банковского института</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the International Banking Institute</trans-title></trans-title-group><abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">Proceedings of the International Banking Institute</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ученые записки Международного банковского института</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><contrib-group/><publisher><publisher-name>Международный банковский институт</publisher-name><publisher-loc><country>RU</country><uri>https://www.ibispb.ru/</uri></publisher-loc></publisher><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-3345</issn><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.ibispb.ru/index.php/SciNotesIBI"/></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">428</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="EDN">PFGDLB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ СУБСИДИИ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫМ СУБЪЕКТАМ: ПОДХОДЫ К КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STATE SUBSIDIES TO BUSINESS: APPROACHES TO CONCEPTUALIZATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group content-type="author"><contrib><name-alternatives><string-name specific-use="display">КЛЮЧНИКОВ И.К.</string-name><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>KLIOUTCHNIKOV</surname><given-names>Igor K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Autonomous non-profit organization of higher education «International Banking Institute named after Anatoly Sobchak», St. Petersburg, Russia</p>
<p>191023, Saint-Petersburg, Nevsky pr., 60</p>
<p>Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Автономная некоммерческ ая организаци я высшего образования «Международный<br/>банковский институт имени Анатолия Собчака» Санкт Петербург, Российская Федерация191023, Невский пр., 60, Санкт Петербург,<br/>Россия</p>
<p>д.э.н., профессор</p></bio></contrib><contrib><name-alternatives><string-name specific-use="display">СААКЯН Т.В</string-name><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>SAAKYAN</surname><given-names>Tatyana Vasilyevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia</p>
<p>127006, Nastasyinsky Lane, 3, b. 2, Moscow, Russia</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт Минфина России, Москва, Российская Федерация</p>
<p>127006, Настасьинский пер., д. 3, стр. 2, Москва, Россия</p>
<p> </p></bio></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1"><institution content-type="orgname">Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «Международный банковский институт имени Анатолия Собчака».</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue seq="8">4 (50)</issue><issue-id>6</issue-id><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14T07:11:12+00:00"><day>14</day><month>4</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2024 Scientific Notes of the International Banking Institute</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Scientific Notes of the International Banking Institute</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><license-p>&lt;a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"&gt;&lt;img alt="Лицензия Creative Commons" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;Это произведение доступно по &lt;a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"&gt;лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.ibispb.ru/index.php/SciNotesIBI/article/download/428/428/1507" content-type="application/pdf"/><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.ibispb.ru/index.php/SciNotesIBI/article/view/428"/><abstract><p>Предмет. Субсидии как фискальный инструмент, используемый для стабилизации уровня внутренних цен и поддержки социально-экономически значимых производств.Целью исследования является разработка подходов к теоретико-методологическому обоснованию принципов оценки эффективности государственных субсидий хозяйственным субъектам.Результаты. Обоснована возможность использования функции социального благосостояния и функции социального выбора для оценки адресной эффективности государственной помощи. Разработаны подходы к теоретическому освещению государственной финансовой помощи хозяйственным субъектам посредством субсидирования на базе методологии экономики благосостояния.Выводы. Предложены теоретико-методологические основы для разработки процедуры (определение интересов и мотивов; ранжирование; сравнения; перераспределение; выбор; определение эффективности) адресного выбора хозяйственного субъекта для оказания фискальной помощи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Subject. Subsidies as a fiscal instrument used to support socially significant industries, as well as to stabilize the level of domestic prices.The purpose of the study is to develop approaches to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the principles for assessing the effectiveness of state subsidies to business entities.Results. The possibility of using the public welfare function and the public choice function to assess the targeted effectiveness of state aid is substantiated. Approaches to the theoretical coverage of state financial assistance to business entities through subsidies based on the methodology of welfare economics are developed.Conclusions. Theoretical and methodological foundations for developing a procedure (definition of interests and motives; ranking; comparison; redistribution; choice; determination of effectiveness) for the targeted selection of a business entity to provide fiscal assistance are proposed.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en&lt;p&gt;Subject. Subsidies as a fiscal instrument used to support socially significant industries, as well as to stabilize the level of domestic prices.&lt;br&gt;The purpose of the study is to develop approaches to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the principles for assessing the effectiveness of state subsidies to business entities.&lt;br&gt;Results. The possibility of using the public welfare function and the public choice function to assess the targeted effectiveness of state aid is substantiated. Approaches to the theoretical coverage of state financial assistance to business entities through subsidies based on the methodology of welfare economics are developed.&lt;br&gt;Conclusions. Theoretical and methodological foundations for developing a procedure (definition of interests and motives; ranking; comparison; redistribution; choice; determination of effectiveness) for the targeted selection of a business entity to provide fiscal assistance are proposed.&lt;/p&gt;"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><title>Ключевые слова</title><kwd>субсидии,</kwd><kwd>фискальные инструменты</kwd><kwd>фискальная помощь</kwd><kwd>экономика благосостояния,</kwd><kwd>эффективность по Парето</kwd><kwd>эффективность Калдора-Хикса</kwd><kwd>компенсирующая вариация дохода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>subsidies,</kwd><kwd>fiscal instruments</kwd><kwd>fiscal assistance</kwd><kwd>welfare economics</kwd><kwd>Pareto efficiency</kwd><kwd>Kaldor-Hicks efficiency</kwd><kwd>compensating income variation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source xml:lang="en">This research received no external funding.</funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source xml:lang="ru">Настоящее исследование не получило внешнего финансирования.</funding-source></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="26"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-cover</meta-name><meta-value><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://journal.ibispb.ru/public/journals/1/cover_issue_6_ru.jpg"/></meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>production-ready-file-url</meta-name><meta-value><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://journal.ibispb.ru/index.php/SciNotesIBI/jatsTemplate/download?submissionFileId=1508&amp;fileId=855&amp;submissionId=428&amp;stageId=5"/></meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="R1"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru_RU">Matveev E.O., Sokolov I.A. 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